https://www.rmg.co.uk/dis...ism-portraits-elizabeth-iInteresting story on the symbolism in Elizabeth I portraits
Analysing the symbolism in the Armada Portrait
Pearls
Pearls symbolise Elizabeth’s chastity and connect her to Cynthia, the Greek goddess of the Moon, who was a virgin and therefore seen as 'pure'.
Mermaid
Mermaids tempt sailors and then ruin them, so the inclusion of a mermaid here could show Elizabeth’s might against the Spanish seamen.
Globe
The Globe represents England’s striving for imperial power in the Americas. In the painting, Elizabeth is pointing to Virginia, which was named after her.
Hair, ruff, and embroidery
The circle of ruff extends from Elizabeth’s face like the Sun’s rays. She is shown as the centre and source of warmth, beauty, and goodness.
Colour scheme
Black and white was Elizabeth’s key colour scheme and symbolise chastity and constancy.
Sea scenes
In the Armada Portrait, Elizabeth faces toward the calm seas on her right and turns away from the stormy waters where the Spanish ships are floundering. She is positioned as a calm force for good, in contrast with the chaos of Catholic Europe.